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Subject matter in Canadian patent law
In Canadian patent law, only “inventions” are patentable. Under the ''Patent Act'',〔''Patent Act'', R.S.C., 1985, c. P-4.〕 only certain categories of things may be considered and defined as inventions. Therefore, if a patent discloses an item that fulfills the requirements of novelty, non-obviousness and utility, it may nonetheless be found invalid on the grounds that it does not fall within one of the statutory categories of “invention”. Since the ''Patent Act'', the categories of patentable subject matter have been defined and interpreted by Canadian courts.
==Definition and categories of invention==
Section 2 of the ''Patent Act'' defines “invention” as:
()ny new and useful art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement in any art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter.〔''Patent Act'', R.S.C., 1985, c. P-4 at s. 2.〕
Each of the five categories of inventions has been further defined by the Canadian Intellectual Property Office and the Canadian courts.
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